Copying and Copyright

Copying and Copyright

This is an overview of the economics of copying and copyright for the Journal of Economic Perspectives.

Uniqueness and Lazy Graph Copying Copyright for the Unique

The uniqueness type system and lazy graph copying are important techniques to efficiently implement functional languages. Unfortunately combination of both in one system may lead to conflicts. Until recently, parallel Concurrent Clean programs could not take advantage of the uniqueness type system, because the lazy graph copying method that Concurrent Clean employed was able to invalidate deriv...

Copying and Comparing : Problems

In object oriented programming, it is sometimes necessary to copy objects and to compare them for equality or inequality. We discuss some of the issues involved in copying and comparing objects and we address the problem of generating appropriate copying and comparing operations automatically, a service that is not provided by most object oriented languages and environments. Automatic generatio...

Copying, Sharing, and Aliasing

Study of the history of programming languages reveals a subtle interplay between semantics and implementation. Early languages, designed for maximum eeciency, provided simple abstractions of the underlying hardware. These languages were followed by languages that were \problem oriented" in that they attempted to hide the grosser details of the underlying hardware. Yet confusion between semantic...

Beyond Copying